What is Feline Leukaemia Virus (FeLV) and how can it be treated?
Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) is a serious and contagious viral infection that can significantly impact your cat’s health. While it can lead to long-term complications, with the right care and management, cats with FeLV can live fulfilling lives. In this blog post, I’ll explain what FeLV is, how it spreads, and how to protect your cat from this virus.
Dr. Bobby Ortiz, BA, BSc, MVB, GPCert/PgC (ExAP), MRCVS
Dr Bobby Ortiz | also known as ‘Dogtor Bob’, is a specialist small animal and exotic pet veterinary surgeon based in Dublin. A regular contributor to Ireland AM, and spokesperson for responsible pet care, Bobby has worked with Petmania as a guest blogger, content-creator and Operation TransPAWmation spokesperson since 2020.
What is Feline Leukaemia Virus (FeLV)?
Feline Leukaemia Virus (or FeLV) is a contagious viral infection that affects a cat’s immune system, making it harder for them to fight off other, common infections. FeLV can also lead to other severe health problems, including anaemia and certain types of neoplasia/cancer. Despite its name, FeLV is not a form of cancer but is named for its ability to cause blood cell abnormalities.
FeLV Diagnosis | What this means
A FeLV diagnosis means that your cat has been infected with the virus, which can lead to long-term health challenges. Some cats with FeLV can live relatively normal lives for months or years, but others may experience recurrent illnesses or serious complications. Regular veterinary care and monitoring are essential to manage the condition and maintain your cat’s quality of life.
Symptoms of FeLV can vary but common symptoms include:
- Lethargy
- Weight loss & poor appetite
- Persistent fever
- Pale gums
- Recurrent infections
- Swollen lymph nodes or signs of respiratory, gastrointestinal, or skin issues.
Some cats may appear healthy for a long time before showing symptoms which is why regular veterinary check-ups are important.
Is it contagious? How does it spread?
Yes, FeLV is highly contagious among cats. It is primarily spread through:
- close contact
- sharing food or water bowls
- bite wounds.
- saliva
- nasal secretions
- urine, faeces
- milk from infected cats
Kittens are particularly vulnerable to infection if their mother is FeLV-positive. It is also very common for stray cat populations to test positive for FeLV.
Treatment
There is no cure for FeLV, but supportive care can help manage the symptoms and prevent secondary infections. Your veterinarian may recommend treatments such as antiviral medications, immune-boosting therapies, and regular health monitoring. Preventive measures, like keeping FeLV-positive cats indoors and away from uninfected cats, are essential to reduce the risk of spreading the virus. Vaccinations are also essential.
How to prevent FeLV
Vaccination is the best way to protect your cat from FeLV, especially if they spend time outdoors or are in contact with other cats. Blood testing new cats before introducing them to your household is also recommended. Keeping your cat indoors can reduce their exposure to potentially infected cats and lower their risk of contracting the virus. It is important to note that vaccinating a cat after it has already been infected does not prevent progression of the vaccine. For this reason, it is advised to test all cats before vaccinating.
Although a FeLV diagnosis can be worrying, it’s important to remember that with the right care and management, many cats with FeLV can live comfortable lives. Early detection, regular veterinary care, and preventive measures like vaccination and minimizing exposure to other cats can help keep your cat as healthy as possible. If your cat is diagnosed with FeLV, consult with your veterinarian to create a care plan that suits their individual needs, and stay proactive in managing their health for the best possible outcome.
Click HERE to view Petmania’s Cat Care advice centre for further information on caring for your feline friend!